Converting Millimeters to Meters Example Problem

This example problem demonstrates how to convert millimeters to meters. Millimeters to Meters Problem Express 5810 millimeters in meters. Solution 1 meter 1000 millimetersSet up the conversion so  that the desired unit will be canceled out. In this case, we want m to be the remaining unit.distance in m (distance in mm) x (1 m/1000 mm)distance in m (5810/1000) mdistance in m 5.810 m Answer 5810 millimeters is 5.810 meters.

Analysis Of The Story A Worn Path By Eudora Welty

Young Soul in an Old Spirit In the story of Phoenix Jackson, an old woman whose great courage on and overcoming great obstacles is brought to life in the short story from â€Å"A Worn Path† written by Eudora Welty. Now some of Phoenix’s most compelling evidence of perseverance comes from the path she has chosen to take and having the willpower to never give. Old age is not always the end of the road, but the journey it takes to get to that age is worth living for. The everyday struggle of an elder person is a task by itself; for Phoenix Jackson the motivating spirit in her push her beyond the barriers and stereotypes of an average senior citizen. In the opening narrative portion of the story the author describes an old small woman in rags with a hip problem that makes her sway from side to side. The demeanor of the old woman is, â€Å"she was very old and small and she walked slowly in the dark pine shadows, moving a little from side to side in her steps, with the balanced heaviness and lightness of a pendulum in a grandfather clock†(1). Now by all means the Phoenix is a typical elder woman, but has a bit of youthful spunk in her, giving her an edge on her senior peers. For example the issue that comes with old age like moving slow an rocking from side to side, could be better managed with a little help from balancing of material that she will need for the journey. Now as a result Phoenix required the use of a cane and other weighted ob jects for better balance when moving along theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of a Short Story a Worn Path by Eudora Welty1163 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of a short story â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty. Lit.1 Characters: Phoenix Jackson : Is the protagonist of the story. She is described in vivid colors, suggesting her lively nature: she wears a red rag in her hair and her skin is described as â€Å"yellow,† â€Å"golden† and â€Å"copper.† Her age is indicated by the way she moves — slowly, in small steps, with the assistance of a cane — and by the wrinkles on her face, which form â€Å"a pattern all its own . . . as though a whole littleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story A Worn Path By Eudora Welty1357 Words   |  6 PagesYoung Soul in an Old Spirit In the story of Phoenix Jackson, an old woman whose great courage on and overcoming great obstacles is brought to life in the short story from â€Å"A Worn Path† written by Eudora Welty. Now some of Phoenix’s most compelling evidence of perseverance comes from the path she has chosen to take and having the willpower to never give. Old age is not always the end of the road, but the journey it takes to get to that age is worth living for. The everyday struggle of an elderRead MoreSymbolic Source In A Worn Path by Eudora Welty1287 Words   |  6 Pagesexample the colors white, red and blue symbolize freedom in the United States, it also represents the United States flag. Symbols are also used in movies like the hunger games catching fire; their symbol is a mocking bird with an arrow on it. A Worn Path is about a long walk through the woods an old lady named Phoenix Jackson has to go through every time her grandson runs out of medicine. A long time ago her grandson swallowed lye that ruined his throat, the medicine is the only thing that relivesRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of A Worn Path1221 Words   |  5 PagesOvercoming Obstacles: A Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Worn Path† Thesis: â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty is one of the best short stories to incorporate different symbolic representations of determination and the will to live. I. Introduction II. Phoenix A. Definition B. Characteristics III. Natural symbolism A. Steep hill B. Thorns of bush IV. Perceived Racism A. Imagined cake B. White hunter V. Arrival in Natchez A. Nurses’ comments BRead MoreA Worn Path: Struggle For Racial Equality Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesA Worn Path: Struggle for Racial Equality In A Worn Path, a short story by Eudora Welty, the main character, an old colored woman named Phoenix, slowly but surely makes her way down a worn path through the woods. Throughout her journey, she runs into many obstacles such as a thorny bush and a hunter. She overcomes these obstacles and continues with her travels. She finally reaches her destination, the doctor’s office, where she gets medicine for her sick grandson back home. Many critics haveRead MoreA Worn Path: Struggle for Racial Equality1550 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Worn Path†: Struggle for Racial Equality In â€Å"A Worn Path†, a short story by Eudora Welty, the main character, an old colored woman named Phoenix, slowly but surely makes her way down a â€Å"worn path† through the woods. Throughout her journey, she runs into many obstacles such as a thorny bush and a hunter. She overcomes these obstacles and continues with her travels. She finally reaches her destination, the doctor’s office, where she gets medicine for her sick grandson back home. Many critics haveRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of A Worn Path By Eudora Welty )945 Words   |  4 PagesJourney of Thanks (Literary analysis of A Worn Path by Eudora Welty) How far should one travel to another if they know the will not be thanked for their actions? Eudora Welty, a lady that wrote in a male dominated world, wrote the story A Worn Path, which is consider one of the greatest works of the twentieth century. A Worn Path is about Phoenix Jackson an older woman that goes on a journey through the forest to get to a hospital in another town becauseRead MoreSymbolism in A Worn Path by Eudora Welty1106 Words   |  5 PagesIn the story â€Å"A Worn Path† uses a continuous number of literary techniques and there is an overflow of symbolism. In the story everything symbolizes an object symbolism is when an object in the story can relate to something. Symbolism is a literary technique that adds meaning to a story by using an event or object as a symbol to represent something else. Phoenix Jackson represents the most important thing in the story the ancient Egyptian bird the Phoenix. The story â€Å"A Worn Path† takes place in DecemberRead MoreSymbolism in A Worn Path By Eudora Welty1096 Words   |  5 Pagesjust weren’t advancing economically. A Worn Path by Eudora Welty is a story about an old African American woman named Phoenix Jackson who takes a journey along a path with manifold of dangerous objects. Phoenix Jackson takes the journey thru the path because her grandson drank liquid named lye and got sick from his throat. Phoenix Jackson makes her journey thru the path to go to the doctor’s office to get some medicine. As Phoenix Jackson walks thru the path she encounters a lot of animals like foxesRead MoreCharacter Revelation Of A Worn Path Story By Eudora Welty833 Words   |  4 Pages1512021105 Class : 4C Subject: Literature 1 Date : June 5th, 2017 Character Revelation of A Worn Path story by Eudora Welty Character is an imaginative person who plays role in a story. (Kennedy, 1983 in Koesnosoebro, 1988). The role of character is very important. Every story must have its own character, as their function are to play the role in a story. Sometimes, it is easy to interpret how the character is. However, most of the time, it is quite difficult to know about Analysis Of The Story A Worn Path By Eudora Welty Young Soul in an Old Spirit In the story of Phoenix Jackson, an old woman whose great courage on and overcoming great obstacles is brought to life in the short story from â€Å"A Worn Path† written by Eudora Welty. Now some of Phoenix’s most compelling evidence of perseverance comes from the path she has chosen to take and having the willpower to never give. Old age is not always the end of the road, but the journey it takes to get to that age is worth living for. The everyday struggle of an elder person is a task by itself; for Phoenix Jackson the motivating spirit in her push her beyond the barriers and stereotypes of an average senior citizen. In the narrative portion of the story the author describes an old small woman in rags and has a hip problem that makes her sway from side to side. The demeanor of the woman is, â€Å" She was very old and small and she walked slowly in the dark pine shadows, moving a little from side to side in her steps, with the balanced heaviness and lightness of a pendulum in a grandfather clock†(Welty1 ). Now by all means the Phoenix is a typical elder woman, but has a bit of youthful spunk in her, giving her an edge on her senior peers. For example the issue that comes with old age like â€Å"moving a little from side to side† to Phoenix could be managed with the little help and the balancing of material that she need for the journey that would help as well. Phoenix required the uses of a ca ne and other weighted objects for better balance whenShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of a Short Story a Worn Path by Eudora Welty1163 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of a short story â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty. Lit.1 Characters: Phoenix Jackson : Is the protagonist of the story. She is described in vivid colors, suggesting her lively nature: she wears a red rag in her hair and her skin is described as â€Å"yellow,† â€Å"golden† and â€Å"copper.† Her age is indicated by the way she moves — slowly, in small steps, with the assistance of a cane — and by the wrinkles on her face, which form â€Å"a pattern all its own . . . as though a whole littleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story A Worn Path By Eudora Welty1345 Words   |  6 PagesYoung Soul in an Old Spirit In the story of Phoenix Jackson, an old woman whose great courage on and overcoming great obstacles is brought to life in the short story from â€Å"A Worn Path† written by Eudora Welty. Now some of Phoenix’s most compelling evidence of perseverance comes from the path she has chosen to take and having the willpower to never give. Old age is not always the end of the road, but the journey it takes to get to that age is worth living for. The everyday struggle of an elder personRead MoreSymbolic Source In A Worn Path by Eudora Welty1287 Words   |  6 Pagesexample the colors white, red and blue symbolize freedom in the United States, it also represents the United States flag. Symbols are also used in movies like the hunger games catching fire; their symbol is a mocking bird with an arrow on it. A Worn Path is about a long walk through the woods an old lady named Phoenix Jackson has to go through every time her grandson runs out of medicine. A long time ago her grandson swallowed lye that ruined his throat, the medicine is the only thing that relivesRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of A Worn Path1221 Words   |  5 PagesOvercoming Obstacles: A Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Worn Path† Thesis: â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty is one of the best short stories to incorporate different symbolic representations of determination and the will to live. I. Introduction II. Phoenix A. Definition B. Characteristics III. Natural symbolism A. Steep hill B. Thorns of bush IV. Perceived Racism A. Imagined cake B. White hunter V. Arrival in Natchez A. Nurses’ comments BRead MoreA Worn Path: Struggle For Racial Equality Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesA Worn Path: Struggle for Racial Equality In A Worn Path, a short story by Eudora Welty, the main character, an old colored woman named Phoenix, slowly but surely makes her way down a worn path through the woods. Throughout her journey, she runs into many obstacles such as a thorny bush and a hunter. She overcomes these obstacles and continues with her travels. She finally reaches her destination, the doctor’s office, where she gets medicine for her sick grandson back home. Many critics haveRead MoreA Worn Path: Struggle for Racial Equality1550 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Worn Path†: Struggle for Racial Equality In â€Å"A Worn Path†, a short story by Eudora Welty, the main character, an old colored woman named Phoenix, slowly but surely makes her way down a â€Å"worn path† through the woods. Throughout her journey, she runs into many obstacles such as a thorny bush and a hunter. She overcomes these obstacles and continues with her travels. She finally reaches her destination, the doctor’s office, where she gets medicine for her sick grandson back home. Many critics haveRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of A Worn Path By Eudora Welty )945 Words   |  4 PagesJourney of Thanks (Literary analysis of A Worn Path by Eudora Welty) How far should one travel to another if they know the will not be thanked for their actions? Eudora Welty, a lady that wrote in a male dominated world, wrote the story A Worn Path, which is consider one of the greatest works of the twentieth century. A Worn Path is about Phoenix Jackson an older woman that goes on a journey through the forest to get to a hospital in another town becauseRead MoreSymbolism in A Worn Path by Eudora Welty1106 Words   |  5 PagesIn the story â€Å"A Worn Path† uses a continuous number of literary techniques and there is an overflow of symbolism. In the story everything symbolizes an object symbolism is when an object in the story can relate to something. Symbolism is a literary technique that adds meaning to a story by using an event or object as a symbol to represent something else. Phoenix Jackson represents the most important thing in the story the ancient Egyptian bird the Phoenix. The story â€Å"A Worn Path† takes place in DecemberRead MoreSymbolism in A Worn Path By Eudora Welty1096 Words   |  5 Pagesjust weren’t advancing economically. A Worn Path by Eudora Welty is a story about an old African American woman named Phoenix Jackson who takes a journey along a path with manifold of dangerous objects. Phoenix Jackson takes the journey thru the path because her grandson drank liquid named lye and got sick from his throat. Phoenix Jackson makes her journey thru the path to go to the doctor’s office to get some medicine. As Phoenix Jackson walks thru the path she encounters a lot of animals like foxesRead MoreCharacter Revelation Of A Worn Path Story By Eudora Welty833 Words   |  4 Pages1512021105 Class : 4C Subject: Literature 1 Date : June 5th, 2017 Character Revelation of A Worn Path story by Eudora Welty Character is an imaginative person who plays role in a story. (Kennedy, 1983 in Koesnosoebro, 1988). The role of character is very important. Every story must have its own character, as their function are to play the role in a story. Sometimes, it is easy to interpret how the character is. However, most of the time, it is quite difficult to know about

Discussing the Front Piece of the Leviathan Free Essays

Salah Rushdy POLI 357 Discussing the front piece of the leviathan The Latin quote on the book cover translates into â€Å"There is no power on earth to be compared to him†. According to my own interpretation, in this front piece of Thomas Hobbes leviathan, the sea monster is presented as the absolute sovereign. He rules the people that form his being. We will write a custom essay sample on Discussing the Front Piece of the Leviathan or any similar topic only for you Order Now All the people of that state are looking up to him in the image as to express their submission and acceptance of the social contract to be ruled. In the front piece, the leviathan holds two objects in his hand which are a crosier and a sword. A crosier in Christianity is a symbol of the governing office of the bishop or apostle. Here, one can assume that what Hobbes meant by the leviathan holding a crosier is that the absolute sovereign of the state will be in charge of the spiritual side of the state to prevent any disagreements or religious wars. One has to understand as well that the era by which Thomas Hobbes was living in witnessed a century worth of religious warfare and the book itself was written during the English civil war. So a lot of his philosophy regarding the state of nature and social contract was a solution to the war existed at his era. The sword resembles power by which all has to abide or else will be obligated to face the consequences raised by breaking the social contract which will be perceived as a threat to the stability of the sovereignty as a whole. How to cite Discussing the Front Piece of the Leviathan, Papers

Scenes from an Execution Essay Example For Students

Scenes from an Execution Essay In English playwright Howard Barkers black comedy Scenes from an Execution, Galactica, a 16th-century woman painter, is commissioned by the Venetian republic to commemorate a bloody battle until her honest portrayal of the event has her condemned as an enemy of the state and imprisoned. Director Robert Allan Ackerman, who directs the plays U.S.-premier production, running through May 9 at Los Angeless Mark Taper Forum, was drawn to the script because he found the politics in the play all too similar to those just across town in Hollywood. He was happy to discover that acclaimed British actor Juliet Stevenson (whom he directed in London in Lanford Wilsons Burn This, and who makes her American stage debut as Barkers foursquare heroine) detected the same parallel which is one reason she suggested the play to the Taper in the first place. Ackerman, who recently directed the PBS film Mrs. Cage, says Barkers play calls to mind the movie industrys proclivity for judging artistic merit on the basis of a single work, noting that heads can roll if a film doesnt do what its supposed to. Scenes from an Execution designers Richard Macdonald (scenic concept) and Yael Pardess (sets) juxtapose contemporary Hollywood clothing with Venetian architecture, using stone and lattice to evoke the labyrinthine quality of the ancient citys streets. For Ackerman, the thematic correspondences reflect the timeless struggle between the desire for fame and the need to maintain artistic integrity. I think those tensions can be found in almost any serious artist, he reasons. Thats why the play is accessible.

The 2012 London Olympic Games Human Resource Management

Introduction The 2012 London Olympic games is an international event, which not only brings the world together, but it also reflects a nation’s coeffective synchronization throughout its planning and successful realization of its objectives and the courage to sustain and harmonize all groups associated with the event.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The 2012 London Olympic Games Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is also an event that has rapidly developed a considerable contribution to businesses and other leisure related activities that integrates all forms of tourism at an extensive level. The magnitude of the event comes with the increased growth of both government and corporate involvement, which further complicates the environment that now calls for a high level of resonance from the Olympic committee and event managers who should identify and tune-up with a wider range of stakeholders in order to bring a sense of balance to their needs and main objectives (Iryna 2009, p.10). For this reason, Human Resource Management (HRM) in any goal oriented organization should be deeply concerned with how to secure and coordinate the various kinds of resources that takes account of facilities, materials, finances, and people, who are the most critical yet the most problematic group since they represent the human resource. The environment that surrounds the preparation for the Olympic event is such a challenging task since it deals with a handful of both logistical concerns and a diverse team of individuals, and for this reason, the HRM process is an effective way of designing and staging the event successfully by giving a critical look on the overall Olympic context and learning from past mistakes witnessed in other past events of the same magnitude. Since the Olympic games is a long-awaited event and a highly rated event, it’s always advisable to carefull y note the importance of personnel management through the administrative functions it encompasses in both customary and traditional means that work towards bringing employee motivation and satisfaction with things such as rewards, bonuses, compensation, and the overview of work responsibilities. For this reason, HRM practices are profusely merged with personnel administration to form work groups and effective strategies that will address any challenges that may arise in the course of event planning and job creation which are just some of the primary motivators leading up to the event (Chelladurai Alberto 2006 p. 65).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An effective HRM practice should is expected to consequently recruit, orient and train good employees who are either employed casually or temporarily, in order to acquaint them with the necessary objectives and targets that call for the adequate use of time and resources (Wilton 2010, p.165). The changing alignments in HRM strategy and internal practices in the modernized world is more perceptible when effectively implementing business strategy since the event also aims at making profit, while showcasing brilliance in its management planning. A special consideration should therefore be given to the people, who are usually the ones who convert all the other factors of the Olympic process into ‘real’ resources that can be worked upon. Therefore, a careful way of dealing with the workforce should be very cognizant of their rights, needs and values (Lynn, 2006, p.16). For instance, equipments and facilities such as a computer, basketball, and an ice rink are only resourceful when they are competently used for their purpose in an appropriate manner. Therefore, from this perspective, the 2012 London Olympic Games Committee should combine numerous features that are universally shared with other nonpr ofit associations that have inclusive characteristics of the typical sporting sector in the broadest manner, while also deriving values and main cultural features that specifically correlate the Olympic movement and spirit. The HRM practice for the Olympic Games should be highly prioritized since it is a package of a wide range of products that includes goods and services, which are primary to the event that should also incorporate an elevated consideration into transport, service, food, queues, tickets, the environment, security, and the event merchandises. In other words, the role of strategic HRM is highly emphasized and the importance of its fitting with the external environment (Chelladurai Alberto 2006, p 31-65). Therefore, the general event product should be an inimitable blend of activities which are the operational tools for maximum achievement of the much sought after satisfaction, needs, and aims of the Olympic event upon its instigation and conclusion. The 2012 London O lympic event must then meet all the necessary human needs at all levels which is in concert with the management of human resources. By doing this, the HRM practices will realize a critical process of product planning for its main objectives, while also providing an optimal experience to the audience and the world at large.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The 2012 London Olympic Games Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As an independent Human Resource Consultant, the following outlooks will help guide the UK Olympic committee for the 2012 games on some fundamental concerns and proposals that will help forge unity among the team that comprises thousands of casual and temporary staff. The Human Resource Planning and Recruitment Process The main purpose of the Olympic committee is to formally recognize the main purpose of the event while also monitoring the progress towards realizing these g oals, and the committee members should be responsible on matters dealing with finance, marketing, production, operations, and staffing. The HRM process portrays much more than just the selection an d recruitment of staff and volunteers and the Olympic committee should therefore select a highly competent in-line managers and directors who posses an exemplary experience in such assignments so that they will constantly be their hands, eyes, and ears on the ground in order to oversee the foundation of the overall project while effectives dealing with the personnel who are most instrumental at this stage(Chelladurai Alberto, 2006, p. 31-65). The Human Resource (HR) managers should be tasked with the authority to direct the activities of the people in their departments and any other service areas that are interrelated. Although the authority they posses come with the proficiency of their job description within the HR department, they should not over-exert their implied authority and cruc ial decisions should only be left with the committee members. Each departmental manager should also synchronize personnel activities for the purpose of a functional authority which will ensure that the HR policies and practices are effectively implemented. However, in order to meet the following obligations regarding unity enforcement, the Olympic committee should include various stakeholders and social partners to sequentially address matters dealing with their efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Design and implementation of a staffing policy This policy should encourage equality in the staff hiring process and will emphasize on a thorough examination of job candidates and considerably adhering to their academic or skill qualifications before they are hired. This eliminates nepotism and other forms of corruption associated with the process and significantly promote a diverse pool of job applications. The potential candidates are also required to undertake various personal tests that will confirm their suitability. This brings in professionalism, efficiency, and credibility within the organizations as only the best will be considered. It will also help the process stick to its ethics by eliminating unacceptable interview questions.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, this policy can meet its full potential if the hiring decisions take into account the level of degree to which the candidates demonstrate through their past actions the values vital to the project’s philosophy that encourages diverse workplace relationship (Burke Copper 2005, p. 161). This is process stands out to be most fundamental since it will put a pervasive mood on the whole event which is likely to be identified with both local and international stakeholders. This process will ensure that the most skilful and well capable persons are chosen without adhering to the various dimensions of discrimination that may range from race, ethnicity, age, culture, social status, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion, language, and any other form of preconceived notion. The selection process should not cut off any persons willing to volunteer on the event project and should act on bringing diverse groups together since its one of the main objectives of the whole event. Th e hiring process should also be well structured and convenient for optimal interview training systems with an interview panel overseeing the recruit process with appropriate job duty that is relevant with ones profession and qualifications (Wilton 2010, p. 153). In general, diversity in this process is a first step towards creating an inclusive work environment that will eventually motivate employees, improve the interpersonal skills of staff members, while encouraging creativity and comprehensive innovation. In order to foster local unity that will eventually pass onto the staff, the recruitment process should also engage the local community and organizations together with other selection methods that will give consider the On Demand Recruiting Services (ODRS) since it’s a specialized recruiting service that works to support short-term projects with no expense of keeping hold of traditional search firms. Due to the fact that the Olympic event project works on a specific time line, such recruit services will help in the expenditure planning since they are paid by hour or even on the project worked as an alternative to the percentage fee. The general concept in this process is to manage diversity that will help promote the appreciation of service, thoughts, and understanding which will help unify our employee differences that can eventually turn into an asset with work being done cooperatively, effectively, and more efficiently. Design and implement an anti-harassment policy that protects Diversity Group Members Diverse groups facing any form of harassment and victimization are legally protected in the law and the violation of this law is grounds for punitive action by any disciplinary body. Such claims should first be channeled through departmental heads who should try solving the issue internally. This will help in combating any hate speech or action against minority members. It will motivate competent and talented members join a workplace knowing that they will be judged on merit and not stereotypes (Wilton 2010, p.165). It will also set in harmony in the workplace and improve productivity as no time will be wasted on unwarranted squabbles. However, this policy should be generalized in the workplace so that everyone is included, and by doing this no one is exceptional and can be prosecuted or have his contract being terminated. This will gradually change mindsets and attitudes between employees and set in respect. Design and implement a global equity policy This policy will help to provide all indispensable ingredients needed in the efforts of reducing gender inequalities among the event staff. It will also improve productivity in large through a balanced and fair workplace relations system, in consistent with the organization’s core values. It will provide for equal remuneration of work and its value, and protect genuine workplace representation while enshrining collectiveness. A global employment equity and representatio n in the workplace will make a vast difference in the social and economic fate of many around the world, and as well as improving competitiveness among organizational enterprises. In order for this policy to meet its obligations, organizations should raise staff awareness by designing and conveying programmes that support equity aims (Chelladurai Alberto 2006, p.65). Train Managers on the requirements of the Employment Equity Act This creates a cordial working relationship between the manager and employee because diverse personnel comprise a massive set of values, beliefs, understandings, unique information, and ways of viewing the world. Managers will know the rules and regulations needed when working with a diverse workforce, and this will help in elimination of cases associated with rights infringement. This will also help in solving any grievances within the workplace. It will also help eliminate unfair promotion, training, suspension, test, or demotion of an employee by the ma nagers. Generally it will eliminate stereotype mind-sets at managerial level. However, this fairness in the workplace can be promoted through workshops that will help managers see a positive side of an employee through communication. Managers should openly exhibit and champion diversity in the workplace by investing more time and effort in recognizing and inviting diverse backgrounds into the Olympic project, and also holding out social events that will foster this understanding (Epstein Manzoni 2006, p.222). Implement and Utilize Information Technology to Promote Unity The introduction of Information Technology (IT) in HRM has over the years had a tremendous significance for both the management-employee cooperation and communication. The application of IT in the Olympic project can also be used in a wide range of choices to include alternative options within the work organization. The management should then required to enforce these changes that will make way of the use of technol ogical equipments and facilities that will help foster communication for all associated with the Olympic event(August Jennifer 2004, p.322). However, in order to bring understanding, the management should train and negotiate with its employees and their representatives to sequentially make relevant changes while ensuring that these arrangements will effectively bring proficiency to those working with IT (Desleigh, Marcia Sylvia 2006, p.15). Therefore, by setting up a communication centre, employees are able to communicate with the management and vice versa. The general public can also benefit from this since they can also get any relevant assistance regarding the progress of the Olympic project. Both the HRM system and employees in the 2012 London Olympic project can all utilize various Wireless Communication equipments, and back-to-back digital interconnectivity systems and equipments that rarely requires anything complicated than the standard exchange of e-mails, making phone ca lls to colleagues, and coordinating meeting times since such a global event incorporates individuals from different time zones (August Jennifer 2004, p.322). These technological equipments can also help both management and employees in the coordination of day-day work, while remotely supporting the numerous business activities within the project. As a result, each managerial department should be suitably quipped with communication equipments that will promote the free-flow of work and communication within such a wide personnel network. Incase of an urgent notification or meeting, both the management and staff can remotely communicate through teleconferencing and videoconferencing systems if the situation does not call for a personalized meeting. These equipments will also harmonize coordination among staff of different departments in regards to project budgeting, marketing, sales, ands so on. Since the deployment of IT equipments stands a good chance of eradicating any form of conf usion between employees, each staff member in various departments should be provided with communications equipment in order to maximize their potentiality in the project. The IT form of communication will help eradicate and any type of paper communication that is unreliable. It will also help locate and account for employees who are on site or anywhere else incase of an emergency situation through phone call confirmation or even location them through GPS system. Conclusion These policy procedures are meant to improve the overall HRM level of standards since it’s a major component of any organizational setting that strives to attain a certain objective. The Olympic event is heavily swayed by the current social and environmental trends which have dire consequences if ignored. In this case, a comprehensive HRM system should aim at addressing financial, logistical, and Staff concerns. The prevalent issues concerning employee disunity sets upon stereotypes due to a non-diversified work environment, and the 2012 London games is one event which should detest such claims by promoting unity amongst staff. The increasingly globalized world also calls for a diverse workforce or else, such an event would competitively ‘get beaten’ in the market place, encompass low productivity rates or face image risk. As an instrument against discrimination, organizational diversity can also be viewed as a strategic resource in eliminating this social-vice. Unity can also be promoted effective if employees are duly compensated for an outstanding job done and should not be selective in awarding them. However, some disunity also does arise due to a shortfall in communication and the use of technology can prove to be a tremendous achievement in the overall London Olympic Games. Bibliography Burke, J. R. Copper, L. C. 2005, Reinventing Human Resource Management challenges and new directions, Routledge, New York. p. 161-162. Chelladurai, P. Alberto, M. 2006, Human resou rce management in Olympic sport organizations, Volume 3, Human Kinetics Publishers, Illinois. p. 31-65. Desleigh, D. J., Marcia, J. S. Sylvia, R. 2006. Assistive technology in the workplace. Elsevier Health Sciences. Philadelphia. P 13-15. Epstein, J. M., Manzoni, F. J. 2006, Performance measurement and management control: improving organizations and society, Emerald Group Publishing. West Yorkshire, England. P 214 – 222. Iryna, S. 2009, Managing Diversity in the Workplace,GRIN Verlag, Norderstedt, Germany. Lynn, W. 2006. Human Resource Management for Events: Managing the Event Workforce, Elsevier, Massachusetts. P 14-16. August, E. G. Jennifer, H. M. 2004, Communication Technology Update, Focal Press Massachusetts. P 321-322. Wilton, N. 2010. An Introduction to Human Resource Management, SAGE Publications California. Pp.153 -165. This report on The 2012 London Olympic Games Human Resource Management was written and submitted by user Sarah Hooper to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Using Calculus To Calculate Income Elasticity of Demand

Using Calculus To Calculate Income Elasticity of Demand Suppose youre given the following question: Demand is Q -110P 0.32I, where P is the price of the good and I is the consumers income. What is the income elasticity of demand when income is 20,000 and price is $5? We saw that we can calculate any elasticity by the formula: Elasticity of Z with respect to Y (dZ / dY)*(Y/Z) Price elasticity of income: (dQ / dI)*(I/Q) demand equation dQ/dI 0.32 Income elasticity of demand: (dQ / dI)*(I/Q)Income elasticity of demand: (0.32)*(I/(-110P 0.32I))Income elasticity of demand: 0.32I/(-110P 0.32I) Income elasticity of demand: 0.32I/(-110P 0.32I)Income elasticity of demand: 6400/(-550 6400)Income elasticity of demand: 6400/5850Income elasticity of demand: 1.094 Demand is Income Elastic Next: Using Calculus To Calculate Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand Other Price Elasticity Equations Using Calculus To Calculate Price Elasticity of Demand Using Calculus To Calculate Income Elasticity of Demand Using Calculus To Calculate Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand Using Calculus To Calculate Price Elasticity of Supply

Matteo Ricci and China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Matteo Ricci and China - Research Paper Example 1-50).1 The aim of this research paper is to discuss Matteo Ricci in China, why he came to China, what he completed during his stay in China, as well as the impacts he had on Chinese society during that time and in the modern day. Why Matteo Ricci came to China The main reason why Matteo Ricci went to China encompasses the desire to spread the Christian gospel to China. As an intelligent and talented Jesuit, Ricci sought to preach the Christian message in China. He entered China during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), marking the beginning of what can be referred as the third period of the history of Christianity in China. Together with other Jesuits, Ricci intended to see the implementation of the insights of Alessandro Valignano, their Jesuit chief. In order to make China a Christian society, he made attempts to connect with both the ordinary people and the educated Chinese. The Christian doctrines that Ricci wanted to spread in China mainly included those of Catholicism (Fontana 2011 , p. 1-50).1 Ricci also came to China with the aim of amassing knowledge, which he could disseminate to people in other parts of the world. Of utmost importance was his desire to spread Christianity to the Chinese cultures, which had no prior knowledge of Christianity but used to be strict followers of other religious beliefs. Thus, his determination to see Christianity spread in China can be termed as the main reason why Matteo Ricci came to China (Brockey 22007, p. 10-250). What Matteo Ricci completed during his stay in China and his impact during that time up to modern day China Some of the accomplishments that Ricci made in China included preaching and spreading Christianity to most of the parts of China. His main focus included spreading Catholicism doctrine, teaching astronomy, geography, and mathematics. During his stay in China, Ricci collected maps of China and merged them with maps of the west to come up with the map of the entire world (Brockey 2007, p. 10-250).2 For the first time, there came to be the Chinese Global map, which Ricci himself compiled. His other contributions included the introduction of geographic coordinate system, as well as western geography. The coordinate system helped in the measuring of longitude and latitude in maps, which led to China. Ricci introduced western civilization to the Chinese people; this civilization spread to other countries around China such as Japan (Hsia 2010, p. 30-120).3 His other accomplishments while in China included doing twenty writings in Chinese. These writings encompassed scientific works, religious writings, as well as treaties; one of the most famous writings that he did was the â€Å"True Doctrine of God.† Moreover, he contributed to the compiling of the first European-Chinese dictionary and two Portuguese-Chinese dictionaries. Ricci’s accomplishments in China also encompassed leaving behind 2,500 Chinese Catholics at the time of his death; most of them included the educated ones . His legacy also encompassed a Friendship Treatise, Mnemonic arts treatise, as well as a translation of Elements of Geometry in Chinese (Lehner 2011, p. 4-70).3 Ricci’s accomplishments while in China also encompass writings that entailed catechisms and the translation of Chinese prayers. Moreover, Ricci was highly involved in the composition of hymns in the Chinese language, which played a crucial role in his efforts to spread the doctrines and teachings of

What the real reason gas prices are rising Research Paper

What the real reason gas prices are rising - Research Paper Example Predictably, Obama is being attacked by the Republican opposition for not doing enough to control prices and for what they deem a flawed energy policy which, if corrected would drop prices to what GOP Presidential candidate Newt Gingrich claims could be $2.50 per gallon. The price of gas is determined by mainly by world politics; make that Middle East politics, speculation and forces of supply and demand. This discussion will address these and other, possibly less obvious, factors that determine the price of a gallon of gas. As consumers pump gas into their vehicles the dollar amount is literally right in front of their eyes as the digital display quickly calculates the total. People feel they are being taken advantage of when that number increases every week for the same amount of product. Some blame oil companies, others their local gas station or regional oil refineries. While all of these entities profit from gasoline none are the real culprits, none have much, if anything, to do with the escalation of prices. The global demand for refined gas does have a major impact. In other words, the person pumping their gas is more to blame than oil companies. During the recent recession the demand for gas dropped because unemployed persons don’t drive to work and fewer were taking a vacation. As the recovery is taking hold worldwide the demand goes up along with prices. (Faucon, 2012). â€Å"Analysts warn that oil could become even more expensive in the second half of the year as supplies struggle to catch up with rising demand.† The average consumer would be better served to pump their gas into a more fuel-efficient vehicle. This would lower demand therefore the price. (Motavalli, 2012). During his cross-country energy tour Obama called for Congress to stop subsidizing the enormously prosperous oil companies with billions of dollars in tax

Last Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Last - Essay Example argument that they had the same constitutional rights and standing as biological parents, ruling that the application of the â€Å"Existing Indian family exception† did not apply in the said case. The ruling on this case has two major implications. First, Brewer, according to the words of Barbara Atwood, notes that it scraps the ‘Existing Indian Family’ exception, one that has always been a cause of disagreement within the Californian Courts. Secondly, the ruling also discards the constitutional issues brought forward by the foster couple in favor of their argument. This ruling signals a predisposition of the nation towards rejecting Existing Indian Family exception. To answer the questions, in the event that the court rules against John E, he will still be obliged to provide child support to Baby A. According to the principles underlining guidelines formation, both parents should share the legal responsibility of their children, and John is no exception here. Secondly, the Child Support Recovery Act of 1992 and the Deadbeat Parents Punishment Act of 1998 can both be used to compel John towards providing support to the child. Furthermore, paternity tests did show that he is the father to the child, and thus he must take the full responsibility. However for the mother to Baby A, this far little has been heard about her, but in the event that she shows up, and given that she is a well-known drug addict, her fitness must be confirmed before she can be allowed near the child. If the tests prove her fit, the she should be allowed access to the baby, but not custody. The bonding the child has created with the caretakers is healthy enough at this point , and disrupting it by allowing the mother to have her might be detrimental to her wellbeing. In the case of Stanley v Illinois, the initial ruling had some inadequacies. The argument that the bond between a mother and a child is often stronger than that between a father and a child was sound; however, in the event

The effect of birth order on personality

The effect of birth order on personality The overarching tenet of this research is the effect of birth order on the personality of individuals in a family. This research recognizes the fact that the development needs of a first born differs from the last child in a family. In order for children to gain access to the resources of the family, they have different developmental strategies by establishing their own niche and these strategies are manifested by behavioral and personality differences between siblings. This proposal will highlight the origin à Ã‚ ¾f personality differences between siblings. This will be followed by relevant theories that will explain the forces that are at play in shaping the development of an individual which will shed light on the possible reasons that drive sibling interactions. After the evolutionary niche model of Alfred Alders (1996) in this chapter, key issues and research goals and the application of the results will be laid out. In the field of behavioral genetics, numerous research have been published that explored the genetic influence of personality citing that it accounts approximately 40% of variances in individual personalities while environmental factors contribute only to 35% for non-shared and 5% for shared environments while the remainder or 20% is attributed to sampling and measurement errors (à Ã‚ lderц¢, 1999, 2001; à Ã‚  là Ã‚ ¾min Dà Ã‚ °nielц¢, 1987; Turkheimer Wà Ã‚ °ldrà Ã‚ ¾n, 2000). Most notable of these results is the small influence of shared experience on personality development. It was observed that a fair proportion of personality transpired early in a persons lifetime. Thus, a brief, shared family experience seemed to exert little effect on the person of an individuals personality (Turkheimer Wà Ã‚ °ldrà Ã‚ ¾n, 2000). This small influence of shared family experiences in personality formation has led to criticism and subsequent refinements in the methods employed in behavioral genetics (Mà Ã‚ ¾ffitt, 2005). For instance, recent reviews have suggested that estimates on variance contributed by shared environment should be increased in order for the significant gene-envirà Ã‚ ¾nment interà Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ tià Ã‚ ¾nц¢ become apparent (Mà Ã‚ ¾ffitt, 2005), and the concept of shared environment has been shown to be simple and straightforward. When this last feature is taken which is the concept of shared family environment, it has been argued by à Ã‚ lderц¢ (2001) that the within-family environment in which siblings live together does not necessarily result in shared sibling experiences. In other words, the experiences that two or more siblings have in common, which are termed shared experiences, have numerous differentiating factors. This is illustrated by this example. Siblings are likely to differ in age and gender leading to variations in size, strength, and cognitive maturity. These differences in cognitive maturity result in dissimilar interpretations of experiences and shared events leading to differing effects on development. Morales (1994) believed that position of the child in the family has an effect on the behavior of the child inside and outside of the confines of the home. He pointed out in his studies that it is the first born who is more responsible, more self-confident, and shows higher self- esteem. He added that older children in the family were provided more opportunities to teach their younger siblings thus encouraging them to become leaders and more intelligent. According to Zajonc and Markus (as cited in Bianchi Robinson, 1997) birth order had an inversely relationship with academic performance which theorizes that more children result in lower intellectual stimulation in the family. Moreover, as there are differences in the specific needs and wants of individual siblings, so should their interpretation of the shared environment. Indeed, varying responses to shared is beneficial to siblings within the same family environment. This is apparent in the competition among siblings in their access to family resources. At an early age, majority of resources that an individual sibling wants are in the form of parental attention and care. While it is encouraged in modern societies to distribute resources equally within the family, the unequal allocation of resources in the family can be traced in history and contemporary tribal societies. It is the practice of investing heavily on the eldest and youngest. The parental allocation of resources to children is determined by the availability of the resources at any given time and gaining access to these resources is the predicament all the siblings face. Romeo (1994) asserted that a childs position in the family is a great influence in shaping the personality of the individual. He added, The influence of the family constellation is so strong that the lifestyles of the youngest children of two different families are more similar than those of the youngest and middle child of the same family. According to Travis and Kohli (1995) said that the intellectual ability of siblings depends on birth order. Olszewski-Kubilius (2000) asserted that birth order is not merely a superficial variable but one that is instrumental and crucial that can affect how families behave and provide resources to their child. The proponent of this research is interested in establishing the effect of birth order on the personality of Grade 9 students at a middle school in the area. In this study, personality will be classified using two of five personality dimensions in the Big Five. When the personality of the respondent is evaluated using the Big Five it is consistent with the predictions of family dynamics. For this study, the convenience sampling will be used and therefore conclusion could not be generalized to reflect the overall view of Grade Nine students in the nearby middle school. Another assumption will be that the respondents will truthfully answer the items in the questionnaire ensuring a high external validity. One limitation is that the data will be based on the self-report of the respondents based on their perceptions towards how their position in the family affected their personality and conformity in family communication. Only the perceptions of the middle school students will be determined and only the variables conscientiousness, openness to experience, and conformity in family communication will be studied. Therefore views of their teachers, parents, or siblings are beyond the scope of this study. Although self-reports obtained from self-administered questionnaires serves its advantage since scoring could be done with relative ease, validity and reliability must first be established. Another possibility is that some students might not fully understand the items in the questionnaire considering that the respondent pool will be composed of different racial backgrounds whose English facility is not excellent. To remedy the language barrier, the questionnaire will be translated into thei r native tongue. To allay any anxiety during test administration, the investigator will emphasize that there are no right or wrong answers. Problem statement The main question this research hopes to answer is Does birth order have any kind of effect on personality? The roles of family members in the family govern the responsibilities and expectations placed on children by parents and siblings. How children perceive their place in the family affects their feelings and perceptions about themselves and the quality of their interaction with others (Kottman Johnson, 1993 as cited in Nims, 1998). During the childs formative certain elements in the family structure which reflect affiliation and emotional security greatly affect the coping and relationship styles and the psychological status of mature individuals (Fullerton et al. 1989). Despite the influence of genetics and the environment, behavioral differences of siblings could be due to birth order (Claxton, 1994), defined as the childs rank in the family according to age (Steelman, 1985 as cited in Claxton, 1994). An individuals status in the family which is the first social structure the child is exposed to is implicated as one of the major factors that contribute in shaping personality (Gould, 1997), and subsequent social relationships outside the family. Though there is wide acceptance on the belief that birth order is the single most important factor of development across a persons lifetime, the individuals birth order could potentially influence the quality of child-parental and sibling-sibling interaction affecting personality and social behavior (Buckley, 1998). Differences on the experiences of socialization among individuals by virtue of birth order result in explicit variations in personality and behavior. When there are no siblings, those who were first born are likely to be socialized by adults while those who were later born become exposed to the socialization of their older siblings (Claxton, 1994). Thus it was theorized that the first born or the oldest child in the family is more leaned towards achievement while the rest of the siblings tend to be more sociable and gain more satisfying and pleasurable experiences (Claxton, 1994). However, these observations are generalized and imprecise (Claxton, 1994). Research questions With the birth of a child, the individual enters into a world different from the child born before him or her. Since parents have learned a great deal from nurturing the first child, the coming of the second child will be easier to deal with, however the second child must compete with the first child to gain access of family resources such as food, clothing, attention, love and many others (Zanjonc 2001). The 2004 US census revealed that the average size of the family is 3.18. In other words, the typical American family is composed of an three children- the eldest or first born, middle child, and the youngest or last born. Differences in the type of environment the children are exposed to may have a significant effect on them. Various methodologies have looked primarily on the influence of family size and birth order on child development. Stereotypes surrounding the personality of the eldest versus the middle child and the last born are ever present in society. The study of Herrera and Zonjanc (2003) established the beliefs underlying the various personalities associated with the first born, middle child, and so forth. Their research revealed that those who were born first showed both positive and negative traits. They were regarded to be most successful in their academic performance, very responsible, exhibit conformist attitudes, enjoy greater stability while not being in touch with ones emotions and not imaginative. In addition, middle children are stereotyped to be the most envious while the youngest is isually the most innovative, expressive, demonstrative, defiant, negligent and conversational. The only child is most often considered to display unpleasant behaviors. Differences were also noted as to the type of occupation study participants perceived among children varying in birth orders. They had the belief th at the first born pursue courses like Accountacy, Aeronautics, Architechture, Education, Law or Medicine among others. Conversely, last borns are likely to take Visual Arts, Music, Performing Arts, Photography and many others. This qualitative study is aimed to determine the effect of birth order on the personality of ninth grade students in the area. Specifically, it will provide answers to the following questions: Whà Ã‚ °t iц¢ the effeÑ t à Ã‚ ¾f birth à Ã‚ ¾rder à Ã‚ ¾n Ñâ‚ ¬erц¢Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾nà Ã‚ °lity? Whà Ã‚ °t Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾ntributeц¢ tà Ã‚ ¾ Ñâ‚ ¬erц¢Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾nà Ã‚ °lity differenÑ eц¢ among siblings? Dà Ã‚ ¾ dynà Ã‚ °miÑ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ à Ã‚ ¾f the fà Ã‚ °mily à Ã‚ °nd the influenÑ e à Ã‚ ¾f birth à Ã‚ ¾rder à Ã‚ ¾n Ñâ‚ ¬erц¢Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾nà Ã‚ °lity Ñ hà Ã‚ °nge à Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ fà Ã‚ °mily ц¢ize inÑ reà Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¢eц¢? Iц¢ there à Ã‚ ° demà Ã‚ ¾nц¢trà Ã‚ °ted relà Ã‚ °tià Ã‚ ¾nц¢hiÑâ‚ ¬ between birth à Ã‚ ¾rder à Ã‚ °nd Ñâ‚ ¬erц¢Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾nà Ã‚ °lity in là Ã‚ °rge fà Ã‚ °milieц¢ à Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ well? Application of results The results that will be obtained in the proposed study will be beneficial to field of counselling. Research has proven that the hypotheses of counsellors regarding their clients are considerably affected by the birth order of the client in his or her family (Stewart, 2004). Thus it is relevant to educate counsellors on the significance of discriminating two concepts of birth order, psychological and ordinal. It is also necessary for counsellors to have a good understanding on the relationship between psychological and ordinal birth orders on the relationships the clients have established whether in their respective families or outside the confines of the home. With this information in hand, clinicians are able to come up with strageties in treating any dysfunctional behavior that may surface during counselling. In addition, it is an important step for clinicians to support that in a successful social relationship, there should be optimism. Likewise, clinicians should also take into account other variables or factors in their assessment of the clients quality of human interaction. If for instance, birth order emerged to affect personality and relationship quality, then it should be utilized during the assessment of clients in the clinical setting. Are the earlier cited stereotypes founded in research? How does an individuals birth order affect the personality and behavior of the individual? Understanding the influence of birth order on the personality of a child can aid in making the family particularly parents and the community to be more responsive to the uniqueness of situations and circumstances every child is exposed to during and after birth. It would also provide helpful information that will be utilized by parents in molding and improving their care giving strategies tailor fit to satisify the needs of the child. Theoretical framework During the là Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¢t 150 years, Alfred Adler became prominently known in the field of psychology by exploring the relationship between birth order and personality. In the book entitled, Bà Ã‚ ¾rn tà Ã‚ ¾ Rebel: Birth à Ã… ¾rder, Fà Ã‚ °mily Dynà Ã‚ °miÑ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ à Ã‚ °nd à Ã‚ ¡reà Ã‚ °tive Liveц¢, Adler examined prominent names in history, their birth order, and views towards scientific innovation. He mentioned that first borns who have significantly etched their mark in history are more defiant to change compared to their siblings who are more welcoming towards radicalism. Utilizing evidence from clinical observations and verbal testimonies, à Ã‚ lder (1928) implied that various personality patterns should be related to the individuals birth order. As suggested by Alder, it is the firц¢tbà Ã‚ ¾rn that would receive most of familial nurturance, attention and love until the second sibling arrives leaving the former becoming resentful for the loss of his or her special place in the family circle. There is in a sense of feeling of dethronement on the part of the first born which he predicted would be more neurotic, likely to be institutionalized, and abuse drugs and other elicit substances. Adler added that the youngest child is likely to be spoiled and overindulged rendering him or her emotionally ill-prepared for human interactions outside of the home. Since the middle child or children has not experienced the negative effects of dethronement and parental overindulging, they are the most successful, secure, and functional. The weakness in Adlers perspectives is his failure to test his assumptions therefore regarded in the scientific community as mere speculations. Birth à Ã‚ ¾rder implies differences in size, à Ã‚ °ge, and power distribution in the family unit. Essentially, a siblings birth order is considered à Ã‚ ° Ñâ‚ ¬rà Ã‚ ¾xy variable representing the factors affecting competition and the amount of strategies the sibling can explore or adopt to gain access of family resources. Those siblings, who have not successfully adopted strategies in the face of stiff competition especially when other siblings have grown stronger and bigger, will more likely unable to survive crucial developmental stages. This implies that siblings should apply strategies that enable them to increase their access to family resources without resulting to sibling misunderstanding or rivalry (à Ã‚ lderц¢, 1996, 1999, 2006). Fà Ã‚ ¾r the first born, there is no direÑ t Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾mÑâ‚ ¬etitià Ã‚ ¾n because there are no siblings to compete against and only the parents will decide whether or not to give the child access to family resources. This would be an opportune time for the first born to please his or her parents. However most parents interviewed admitted that they do not deprive their only child access to attention, clothing or food despite his or her failure to please the parents. Thus, this situation suggests that the only child needs to submit to his or her parents demands to easily access resources in the family. Regà Ã‚ °rdleц¢Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ à Ã‚ ¾f whether the parents, particularly the mother asks the child to behave properly in school, get good grades, or cleans the bedroom, conformity to the expectations of the parents would mean that any available resources will be provided without hesitation. Thuц¢ one would observe that the first born execute ц¢trà Ã‚ °tegieц¢ that warrant approval of parents by completing assigned tasks and conforming to the demands of parents (à Ã‚ lderц¢, 2007). Theц¢e ц¢trà Ã‚ °tegieц¢ which are à Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ quired by virtue of the birth order is made manifest as personalities leading to the conclusion that first borns are conformists (à Ã‚ lderц¢, 1996, 2007). The situation becomes different in the case of the second born. From the time a child is born after the eldest child, he or she has à Ã‚ ° rivà Ã‚ °l fà Ã‚ ¾r the attention of the parents and access to available resources in the famly. The rival is older, has more physical strength, and secured an early advantage on the family resources. In this situation, what Adler called conditional adaptive strategies come into play. If the second born will mimic the first borns strategy, it would bring disadvantage to both. It would result in intense rivalry and competition and because the first born is stronger and older, more often than not, it is the second born who will be defeated. What the second born can do as an adaptive strategy is to Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ °rve hiц¢ à Ã‚ ¾r her à Ã‚ ¾wn niÑ he. When the second born is faced with the older sibling, the former should make use of low power ц¢trà Ã‚ °tegieц¢ which is appealing to the parents who wa nt justice and impartiality in the home or which inhibit competition and rivalry among siblings. Therefore one would find that the second born will employ alternative strategies and methods to acquire family resources. Consequently, the second born is regarded as rebellious, unconventional and a personality style that scores high in the openness to experience subscale of the Big Five Personal Factor if compared to the eldest sibling (Heà Ã‚ °ley Elliц¢, 2007). Differences between siblings result from the variety of the roles they play in the family due in part to genetic variability, gender, and birth order. Because of these inherent differences among siblings, family roles become diversified which is in conjuction with Charles Darwins divergence principle. Nature offers competition among species and similar to that, roles among siblings in the family are specialized reducing competition and work responsibilities are equitably distributed. With specialization, parents find it difficult to compare their childrens abilities from one birth order to another. The Darwinian divergence principle is one of the significant scientific landmarks in evolutionary biology since it provides the explanation for adaptive radiation which is the diversity of species that are closely related as illustrated by the Galapagos finches (Winkler, Sulloway 2006). The birth order of an individual in the family is directly linked to age and the chances of engaging ta sks that are age appropriate or age specific. Since the first borns are the oldest among the siblings, they take on the role of a surrogate parent which enable them to be more responsible and mimic adult behavioral patterns. Building on previous studies on personality, Sulloway (1996) organized characteristics of personality into five: Openness, Emotional Stability, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, (Goldberg, 1982; Norman, 1963). The hypothesis of Sulloway (1996) stated that first born siblings score high in Surgency which means they are highly sociable and dominant owing to the fact that first born individuals tend to lessen diversion of the investment of parents by exercising their dominance over his or her other siblings. Sulloway also hypothesized that first born individuals are less agreeable which indicate higher flexibility, warmth, and selflessness. Since the eldest sibling is the most dominant in the family, those who were born after the eldest child more likely use less confrontive strategies by becoming more agreeable. Sulloway (1996) also said that first borns are more conscientious therefore are more cautious, well organized, and reliable because it is the position of the first born to promote status quo within the family structure. Since the first borns have an earlier benefit over their younger siblings due to enjoyment of parental attention and family resources. Thus the coming of another sibling may cause him or her to be anxious about the likelihood that parental resources will be diverted to the new child. In line with that, Sulloway concluded that first borns may be less emotionally stable. Lastly, Sulloway assumed that being a first born result in scoring low in Openness which would imply that he or she may be less embracing towards the new. Sulloway added that when individuals exhibit high openness it signifies they are more open towards soliciting parental resources using alternative means. Definition of terms The following terms will be defined in order to have a better understanding of the problems this research aims to address: Birth order. This variable refers to the ordinal position of the individual in the family which could classified into first born, second born, third born or last born. Personality. This variable refers to the type of personality based on the instrument of John focusing on Conscientiousness and Openness to New Experience subscales. Conscientiousness. This variable refers to the degree that the individual is well organized or follows planned daily activities. Openness to Experience. This variable refers to the extent that the individuals exhibit traits such as insightfulness, creativity, or wide interests. Conformity. This variable refers to the level in which the individuals follow norms in family communication. Outline of remaining chapters Explained in the next pages are related literature and studies that centrally focus on the effect of birth order and personality among children. The theories that underpin this study will also be cited in the second chapter of this dissertation. The contents of Chapter 3 include problem statement, objectives and their rationale, research plan, participants, instrumentation, data processing, ethical assurances, and summary. Chapter 4 will present the results of the study as well as a thorogh and detailed discussion of results. Data will be presented appropriately to ensure that readers have firm grasp of the nature of the results. This will be followed by Chapter 5 which presents the summary of findings, conclusion, and recommendations.

Comparison of Still I Rise and Realities of a Black Woman Essay

Comparison of Still I Rise and Realities of a Black Woman Compare and Contrast the poems Still I Rise By Maya Angelou and Of course when they ask about the Realities of black women by Grace Nichols. 'Still I Rise' written by Maya Angelou and 'Of course when they ask about the "Realities" of black woman' written by Grace Nichols, are the two poems that I will be comparing and writing about. These poems are expressing the opinions of how white people would like to see or how they see black women. I understand that the word culture means a wide range of ideas, knowledge and beliefs. That is usually shared between the people of a country, place, race, group or religion. The word Culture can also mean a way of life, or set of every day activities, for example a Muslim will worship five times a day. I also understand that with in one culture it is possible to have many different cultures. Both poems are from a different culture to my own. The poems and poets come from the same culture, which is black. Grace Nichols originally came from Guyana and Maya Angelou originally came from Missouri. Both poets are black each poem suggests this in its own individual way as in the poem "Still I Rise" the poet Maya Angelou uses the word "Slaves", and in the past slaves have usually been referred to as black people. In the poem "Of course when they ask about the 'Realities' of black women" the poet Grace Nichols uses "I like to see we black women", This suggests that she is not just writing about black women and that she is a black woman herself as she changes her language from "I" to "we". The poem "Still I rise" by Maya Angelou is mainly about one black woman. In the poem it is saying about a black woman being t... ...propriately. The line which didn't work for me was "I am the dream and hope of the slave" this is because when this poem was written there would have been less slavery and I do not believe that she is the dream of the slave. The rest I very much like. Grace's poem confused me and some part did not make any sense to me so I found it very hard too follow in what was being said. This poem has a lot of depth. I think it is not straight to the point, this to gives the impression that Grace may still fear to speak about her past. The structure and shape of the poem I didn't like not like. To me it looked as thou no time had been taken was a rush and burst of thought all at once. Over all I preferred Maya Angelou's poem "Still I Rise2 I think that she is a very strong black feminist writer. I hope that in the future we will be looking at more of her work.

Female characters: Coursework Essay

For this coursework I am going to be explaining how writers in my chosen stories have presented their female characters. I will be investigating whether or not the females fit their typical stereotype in the nineteenth Century of being very submissive and gullible. I will also look at what sort of way they fit that stereotype within everyday life or on a long term basis. To have a range in this investigation I will concentrate on the contradicting stereotype of being independent and confident as a women not fitting in with how a typical nineteenth century woman would expect to act. Certain consequences of not acting as the stereotype are proven to not necessarily make that particular woman worse off as we see in the short stories I am looking at. Through stories I have read containing characters based on the nineteenth century women one of the ideas that was most obvious to me was that of the characters being typical nineteenth century woman at the start of the short story and then turning out to be a lot stronger then we first perceived. The first character I am going to mention which fits into this idea is Dorothea from the short story ‘The Unexpected’ by Kate Chopin. Chopin shows Dorothea to be a loving, doting wife, impatient towards her husband arriving home. She is shown to be a perfect fit for her stereotype. She is dependant on her husband and excited and desperate for his arrival home. Chopin describes it as ‘torture’ for Dorothea as she waits for her husband. This is very extreme language for the author to use to demonstrate just how Dorothea is feeling. Dorothea is commented to having ‘reached the limit of her endurance’; this suggests why the reader feels she is very reliant on her beloved as it seems she cannot cope without him. All of the above qualities I have seen in Dorothea fit into being typical of the nineteenth century. Although this is how we first see this of her she turns out to be the opposite of this stereotype upon arrival of her husband. Dorothea is perceived as being independent, powerful and confident as she realises her husband is not what he used to be before he became ill. Now, Dorothea has to make the decision of whether she still wants to be with her beloved. She chooses to leave him unexpectedly and turns out to not be at all like her stereotype describes her. At the very end of the short story Dorothea says; ‘Never! Not for all his thousands! Never, never! Not for millions!’ This shows she wants more in her life then being at her husband’s bedside while he wastes away. Dorothea wants someone she can truly love and have feelings for. It shows she is going to be independent rather then like her stereotype. She is not shallow and staying with him just for his money. Chopin’s use of repetition in the above quote shows that she wants the reader to see how needy Dorothea is for a fulfilled life and not staying with her beloved when he is as frail as he is and only for his possessions. Another short story which fits into the idea of fitting the stereotype then contradicting it is ‘Tony Kytes the Arch-Deceiver’ by Thomas Hardy. There are two characters, in my opinion that fit this idea from this short story; Unity Sallet and Hannah Jolliver. Firstly I think Hannah Jolliver fits into this idea I have came up with of fitting the stereotype then contradicting it because of her role in the short story ‘Tony Kytes the Arch-Deceiver’. Hannah is very flirtatious with Tony even though she knows that she is out of bounds as he is engaged to another woman. She is disloyal to her own sex. She toys with his emotions and is very forward about their relationship and is presented as being very independent but shows her stereotype when she is very easily pleased as Tony says; ‘I haven’t quite promised her, and I think I can get out of it, and ask you that question you speak of.’ With regards to the wedding proposal to Milly. All this is being said when all three women Tony is playing against each to her are in the wagon with each other but unaware of it. She is shown to be very gullible at the start of the story when being told of how pretty she is by Tony, this is a feature of the stereotype which we see in all the characters mentioned in this section of my coursework. Hannah is almost won over completely by Tony’s charm but then something goes wrong. The wagon crashes due to Hannah being left by herself at the reins. Tony’s secret is out, all three women find each other to be hidden in the carriage and Hannah hurts herself when she falls out. Hannah is put across to be the complete opposite to her stereotype for now at the end of the short story. Her father arrives on the scene of the accident just as Tony says; ‘I’ve asked Hannah to be mine, and she is willing, and we are going to put up the banns next-‘ But was interrupted by Hannah’s father as Hannah was hurt; ‘My daughter is not willing, sir!’ And so Tony tries to save his and Hannah’s future, failing miserably. This is where Hannah feels the need to intervene, ‘I have spirit, and I do refuse him!’ Hannah is shown to be very much the opposite of her stereotype as we saw Dorothea do when things turned out to be different towards the end of her short story. Hannah is confident and strong in her decision of rejecting Tony’s proposal. We see that Hannah is a little bit more of her stereotype then we perceive her to be following what has just happened in the story. We are made to think that this decision was only reached because of the fact that her father was there as Hannah looks back once she is leaving with her father did she really mean it? I think that she would possibly say yes was Tony to ask her again at a later date and show she isn’t as different as she is put across to be at the end of the short story. Lastly I feel Unity fits into this idea as when we first meet her Hardy represents to us as being very desperate for attention from Tony through questions about her appearance; ‘And – can you say I’m not pretty Tony? Now look at me!’ Hardy backs up this quote with a statement from Unity which shows that she is quite weak because she has to ask the question and answer it to show Tony the answer she is looking for. ‘Prettier than she?’ This further proves how needy Unity is for Tony’s wise words and how gullible she is towards them. In my opinion Tony should not be saying such things to someone when he is supposed to be engaged to Milly Richards. This makes me thinks that he is able to realise that whoever he promises things will believe him because that is what women were expected to be like in the nineteenth century. As this question is put past Tony, Milly is in fact seen ahead while Unity is in Tony’s carriage. To prove how much more of the typical stereotype Unity is Tony asks her to ‘lie down in the back part of the wagon’ to hide from his future wife and Unity agrees. This is further proof that she is very much like her stereotype. Now is where the second part of my idea comes with regards to Unity. Towards the end of this short story Unity starts to stand up for herself. Tony asks for her hand in marriage AFTER he has already asked for Hannah’s. ‘Take her leavings? Not I! I’d scorn it!’ And she walks away. This is the opposite of what Unity’s stereotype is. She is shown to be strong and confident in the decision. Hardy shows Unity to stand up for her sex and not shame herself as being second choice, which in turn, leaves it down to Milly as the final choice for Tony†¦ A second idea worth of exploration from reading the range of short stories I was given is that of the characters totally fitting their stereotype of a nineteenth century women. The main character I feel fits into this idea is Sophy out of the story ‘The Son’s Veto’ by Thomas Hardy. Like the stereotype Sophy is weak and is described as a ‘poor thing’ within the opening of this short story. We also see just how weak Sophy is through her relationship with her son, Randolph. Her son is her biggest critic. We see this where he corrects Sophy’s grammar; ‘Has, dear mother – not have!’ This is showing that Randolph is using his education to take advantage of his mother disadvantages. Randolph is always correcting his mother and is ashamed of her as she is not as well educated as she should be; this is however, due to her background. Randolph is very impolite to Sophy even though she is his mother; ‘Surely you know that by this time.’ He is the child in this relationship but seemed to dominate Sophy showing how much more like her stereotype she is, especially when she does nothing about it. She realises her role in Randolph’s life and all men; she is considered to be beneath them and not worth their company. Randolph will not associate with those who are of a lower class then him, this includes Sophy. Hardy perceives Sophy as a fragile character by not letting her stand up for herself. When Sophy tells Mr Twycott she will not be working for him anymore so she can marry Sam, her reply to Mr Twycott when he asks if she wants to marry Sam is; ‘Not much but it would be a home for me.’ This shows she does not really care who she ends up with as long as she has a roof over her head. Another useful way that Hardy presents Sophy as being her typical stereotype is when she takes drastic action by marrying Mr Twycott instead of her beloved Sam after a fight with Sam. She marries Mr Twycott more for respect then love which ‘almost amounted to veneration’. Mr Twycott knows he is marrying beneath him and will lose all the respect he has gained as said in the narrative part of the story; ‘Mr Twycott knew perfectly well that he had committed social suicide by this step’. He moves to London because of the fact he feels Sophy is beneath him. Sophy could have refuses Mr Twycott’s marriage proposal but has no power or confidence in herself to do this as she is scared of the consequences if she does not do as she is told by the males in her life. Hardy puts Sophy across as being the perfect stereotype for typical nineteenth century through this action; domination by males. The second character that I feel fits into this stereotype for being totally stereotype is Milly Richards again from the short story ‘Tony Kytes the Arch-Deceiver’ by Thomas Hardy. Milly is seen to be the perfect stereotype for the nineteenth century woman. She has the husband ready for her and is very devoted to him and is presented as being very dominated by him and his needs. She is submissive to Tony and gullible to what he says. Her behaviour around him is very much like what women in the nineteenth century were expected to be like and did what was expected of them. As the short story develops we see that Milly is of a very naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve nature as she is asked to hide from one of the other women in the story for the sake of ‘keeping the peace’ between that particular woman and Tony. Fitting the stereotype Milly agrees to do as she has been told by Tony, ‘I don’t mind, to oblige you, Tony’ Milly does not seem to mind, in my opinion, that Tony seems ashamed to be seen with her. Milly didn’t ‘care much about doing it’ and crouches down in the wagon unaware that Unity is also hidden amongst the wagon at the other end. Further into the story Milly realises that Unity is in the wagon and creeps up closer to her. And even though Tony was in the wrong of having three women aboard his wagon Milly is very defensive of him; ‘Mind what you are saying!’ This proves she is even more like her stereotype due to her protecting the male and not thinking he could do anything to harm her and thinking he is perfect. She is extremely protective of Tony and does not think that he would do such things to her resulting in her being disloyal to her own sex for not believing what Unity is saying to her. Toward the end of the story Milly is found amongst the wagon by the other two women. Tony chooses the other two women over Milly and so chooses Milly last to wed him. This is because he knows she is the typical stereotypical woman for the nineteenth century otherwise he would not have wasted his breath. Milly being the perfect stereotype says; ‘If you like, Tony. You didn’t really mean what you said to them?’ And with a quick ‘No’ from Tony things were settled and Milly believed what he had told her. Tony is actually indeed disappointed he is left with his final choice as it is not seen as a challenge to win over Milly because she is the typical stereotype. For my third and final idea in this piece of coursework I will comment on contradicting stereotypes. The stereotypes that I have chosen that are perfect for this category are out of the short stories ‘Births. Mrs Meek, of a son’ and ‘The Woman’s Rose’. Firstly I will mention the character of ‘The girl’ in the story ‘The Woman’s Rose’. The basis of the story is a rose that ‘the girl’ has and is very important to her. This rose is not mentioned very much at all in the opening of the short story but closer to the end it is clear that it is important. At the start of this story ‘the girl’ is the only woman in the village and so has her choice of men, then ‘the narrator’ comes along. I feel that ‘the girl’ is contradicting of her stereotype for the typical nineteenth century woman due to the impact she has on men in the story. Instead of being reliant on men and thinking about men all the time she is more interested in the only other woman in this story and she has much more influence on the men in this short story then they will ever have on her. The men in this story worshipped ‘the girl’ like a queen as there was no other women to worship and all the men are trying to win her over and stand out so she will ‘choose them’. ‘The girl’ had power; she was the centre of attention and stood out, what women in the nineteenth century were not expected to do. Schreiner presents ‘the girl’ as being very much what women would loved to have been like and had the power to choose their choice of men rather then having to do the running themselves. At the end of the short story ‘the girl’ goes up to ‘the narrator’ in a bid to become her friend although she has received mixed messages of whether or not to speak to her or not. ‘The girl’ gave her one of the things that was most precious to her; the rose. ‘The girl’ is not the stereotype of what a typical nineteenth century woman should be. She concentrated more on her relationship with ‘the narrator’ then she did worrying about what typical women did back in those days; getting a husband and producing children for the male in their life. ‘The girl’ wanted more for herself then that and did not depend on males but influenced them. In this short story it was more of a role reversal. I am also going to mention the only other woman that is in the short story ‘The Woman’s Rose’. She is known as ‘The narrator’. The rose in this short story is straight away put across to be very important to ‘the narrator’ in the opening paragraph which ends; ‘but no one has my rose.’ To show its importance to her. The story then goes on to explain why it is of such treasure to ‘the narrator’. When ‘the narrator’ came into the small village of which ‘the girl’ used to be the only one attention was made of ‘the narrator’ took this away from her. She started t be the centre of attention towards men and they worshipped her instead. She influenced men. This was not necessarily because she was prettier then ‘the girl’ but because she was something new for the men in the village to concentrate on. This is something that she is not aware of but has the fear that it is because she is new and not because they are truly interested in her. She is fresh meat. This made her feelings towards men feelings of hatred and regret for going to the village. ‘The narrator’ liked the power she received from coming to the village but did not have a clue what to do with it and thinks she is hated by the one thing she does not want to be hated by in the story; ‘the girl’. She wants a friendship with ‘the girl’ but does not know how to go about it as she thinks she is hated and has plenty men to keep her occupied if not distracted from thinking about it. ‘The narrator’ never looked at the girl and never had any association with ‘the girl’ as she believed this was the better way to be if she was hated. Schreiner makes ‘the narrator’ defend ‘the girl’ if she is being spoke of amongst the village to show that she does care about what is said and does want to be her friend. For doing this it pays off towards the end of the short story when the white rose is obtained as an act of friendship by ‘the girl’. ‘The narrator’ is shown to be the complete opposite of her stereotype in this short story and not at all like she is expected to be. She is shown to have other worries than that of the typical worries for women in that time normally. For the other two characters I will comment on in this idea I turn my attention towards a short story named ‘Births. Mrs Meek, of a son’. The two characters that I am going to mention are Mrs Progit and Mrs Bigby. Firstly I will talk about how I think Mrs Bigby is contradicting towards her stereotype. Near the beginning of the story Mrs Bigby is said to be able to ‘storm a town, single-handed’ and that she could ‘terrify the stoutest heart’. Mrs Bigby is almost definitely not at all like her stereotype. She is a ‘remarkable woman’. Her son-in-law is scared of her as she is a scary woman. Other women in her time were not forward enough to be scary as such and did not have the confidence to scare males in their lives. This is the complete opposite of what we saw in ‘The Son’s Veto’ and the character of Sophy. She was not so much scared of her son but the roles were in the correct places for the nineteenth century. The opposite is what we see in the relationship between Mrs Bigby and her son-in-law. Most women in the nineteenth century don’t have much of an education and Mrs Bigby boasts of this knowledge. She is the total opposite of what is expected of women in her time. She is the dominate one in the relationship between her and Mr Meek. She won’t let him see his own son and as a result of this Mr Meek is angry and frustrated; he feels shoved aside. The male in this story feels left out in the cold. With emotions running wild Mr Meek thinks his son is being killed. Mr Meek shows the qualities of a nineteenth century woman instead of Mrs Meek as is expected as she is the woman in this short story. She is possibly the best example of the contradicting stereotype along with the next character I am going to talk about; Mrs Progit. Mrs Progit is a character of copious figure which gets in the way a lot and an obstruction to other people. She completely contradicts her stereotype by being very confident in her behaviour and brings desolation and devastation into other people lives in the short story. She has taken over the house. Mrs Progit won’t let Mr Meek see his son as well as Mrs Bigby. She wants to keep the child to herself and raised a storm about the subject. She has power and alienates Maria Jane’s affections towards Mr Meek with the power she has. She pushes Mr Meek about which is not what her stereotype would do. She is supposed to be quiet and dominated by males but instead there has been a role reversal regarding Mrs Progit. She is completely confident in her own nature and does not let herself get pushed around by the male but instead gives them a taste of their own medicine. This is what women in the nineteenth century did not have the power and confidence to do because they were afraid of the consequences. In conclusion of this piece of coursework I feel I have successfully explored how different writers have presented female characters in their short stories to show different ways in which women could act in the nineteenth century and the results how they act towards other characters in the stories. I read a range of different stories that I felt would get all the different views across and only included those stories that I thought had solid evidence of different ways in which women felt they had to be like or what they wanted to be like. I think I have investigated how the writers create their characters and form the reader’s opinions of those particular characters using structure and clever writing techniques.

Elephant essays

Elephant essays In "Shooting an Elephant" by George Orwell, the author recalls an incident from his days as an English imperial officer in Burma, where he finds himself at the mercy of a hooting crowd of Burmese villagers eager to see him shoot an elephant gone "must". If it deals with, as Orwell himself states, "a tiny incident in itself"(118) why should we care about the day Orwell shot an elephant? What is Orwell really shooting? That is the question. The real story is not about an elephant at all. It's a story of the "evils of imperialism." The "tiny incident" Orwell reflects upon, gave him, in his own words, "a better glimpse than I had had before of the real nature of imperialism - the real motives for which despotic governments act"(Orwell, 118). Orwell comes right out and tells us how much he hates imperialism and the British political views "For at that time I had already made up my mind that imperialism was an evil thing... Theoretically - and secretly of course- I was all for the Burmese and all against their oppressors the British"(Orwell, 118). His numerous references to imperialism throughout the story should automatically trigger that he is not just shooting an innocent elephant but something of much more important significance. As the story progresses, we learn about the "ravaging" elephant, the trampling death of a "coolie" who gets in the way of the huge animal, and of Orwell's summoning to come and destroy the beast. We also learn the elephant seems not to need destroyed. It is not mad. In fact, it is rather "grandmotherly" in demeanor. Why was the "coolie" killed? He got in the way of the animal. Not so hard to do in a crowded bazaar, one would think. And only a single man is trampled. One would think that a ravaging elephant would do much more damage than that. The point is, of course, that the elephant did not need killed. "As soon as I saw the elephant I knew with perfect certainty that I ought not to shoot him... At that di...

Should I Waive My Right to Review Recommendation Letters

Should I Waive My Right to Review Recommendation Letters SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Short answer: yes. Long answer: there's no need to worry about checking "yes" and waiving your right to see your letters of recommendation on the FERPA waiver section of your college applications. This article will explain exactly what FERPA is, why you're being asked to waive it, and how it impacts your letters of recommendations. To be honest, the FERPA waiver willprobably be the easiest part of filling out your college applications! What is FERPA? The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), otherwise known as the Buckley Amendment, was passed to protect the privacy of students' educational records. It gives parents and students who are 18 years and older the right to access their records. It also requires that parents or eligible students give permission before their information is released to a third party, except in special circumstances like transferring schools or a health emergency. Since most students who enroll in college are 18 or older, FERPA gives them the right to request access to their letters of recommendation, wherever they might be stored along with the rest of theirapplication materials. I like to picture all the applications of years past stored somewhere like the Hall of Prophecies in Harry Potter, except the endless shelves are filled with files instead of shiny glass orbs. There'sonecaveat to your FERPA-given right of access: youcan only access yourrecommendation letters after you've gotten your admission letter of acceptance and chosen to enrollin a college. If youwere rejected from or chose not to go to a certain school, then youwon't be able to get yourhands on those letters. Note how I said that FERPA gives youthe right to access your letters of recommendation AFTER youenroll at a college. It really doesn't have anything to do with getting to read your letters before your recommenders send them. Some recommenders will let you see them, while others will keep them confidential. The general assumption around reference letters is that they are confidential - this seems more honest in the eyes of admissions officers. Whether or not you see the letters before they're sent is not really what FERPA's about, when you get down to the specifics of it. On the Common Application (or whatever application you're using), you'll be asked whether or not you want to waive your right to access your rec letters. Read on for a preview of what you'll see. Harry Potter and the Chamber of College Applications Waiver of Access (FERPA) on the Common Application Once you add a college to your Common Application, you'll see a tab show up to invite your recommender(s). Before you send those invites, you'll be prompted to read about your waiver of access and select a response.This is what you'll see: "Waiver of Access (FERPA) Under the terms of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), you can review letters of recommendation and accompanying forms after you enroll at a postsecondary institution and only if that institution saves the documents post-enrollment. Why should you consider waiving your right of access? Waiving your right lets colleges know that you will never try to read your recommendations. That in turn reassures colleges that your recommenders have provided support that is candid and truthful. While you are free to respond as you wish, if you choose not to waive your right, some recommenders may decline your request, and some colleges may disregard letters submitted on your behalf. Remember, even if you retain your right of access, you still won't be able to view any recommendations until after you have been admitted to and enrolled in a college. In other words, FERPA does not give you the right to inspect recommendations before they are sent to your colleges. After you make your selection, you will be able to invite your counselor and recommenders. Once you make the first invitation, you will not be able to change your response to the waiver question. To ensure that you fully understand the implications of your selection, we urge you not to answer the waiver question until you have consulted with your guidance counselor or another school official. For more information on FERPA follow this link: ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/index.html" Source: The Common Application Sounds like serious stuff. In reality, it's pretty straightforward. FERPA lets you request access to your recommendation letters after getting in and enrolling in a school. By that point, months after you've applied, done the requisite period ofnervous waiting, received the thick envelope and decided on a school, you probably aren't thinking about cracking into your admissions file to read exactly what Mr. Smith said about you back in December of senior year. You got in, so the rec letters had to have been pretty complimentary. Again, note that FERPA does not give you the right to see your letters of recommendations before they are sent. In the academic world, recommendation letters tend to be kept confidential. Your teacher or counselor may show you the letter and ask for your feedback or revisions, but this depends on the person. Even if you're burning with curiosity, you shouldn't pressure your recommenders to show you the letter. It could indicate that you don't trust them to provide you with a strong letter - and, if that's the case, you shouldn't choose them in the first place! Since you can only respond to the waiver question on the Common App once, let's go over exactly why it's a good idea to waive access. "Waive" goodbye to FERPA - you don't need it this time. Why It's a Good Idea to Waive Your FERPA Right As I mentioned above, the typical expectation for letters of recommendation in college admissions is that they are keptconfidential. Admissions officers give most weight to letters that provide an honest and qualified assessment of the applicant. If you don't waive your FERPA right, you could accidentally signal to admissions officers that you don't trust your recommender or that the recommendation is less candid or genuine. Your recommender might also get the subtle message that you don't trust him or her. The knowledge that you'll see the letter at some point in the future might cause your recommender to write a more generic letter, and thus be less powerful and effective in support of your candidacy. You won't be penalized for your response, but it's risky to check "no" since you don't know how admissions officers or your recommenders will interpret it. If you still feel uneasy about waiving your FERPA right, keep reading. In the next section, I'll explain why there's no need to worry about your recommendation letters, even if you never get the chance to read them. Keep your recommenders inside the circle of trust. No Need to Worry About Recommendation Letters... Perhaps easier said than done, but you really shouldn't stress about your letters of recommendation. Your teachers and counselor are there to help you - in fact, it's literally their job. They want to advocate for you and help you further your education. When you ask for a recommendation, you should ask your teachers if they can provide you with astrong letter of support. If they seem hesitant at all, then thank them for their time and ask somebody else. As long as you're thoughtful about choosing people with whom you have good relationships and who can write an insightful letter about you, then you don't have to worry about leaving the rest up to them. Apart from choosing recommenders who know you well, you can also have some say into shaping what goes into the letter. Most schools will give you a "brag sheet" where you can remind your recommenders of your interests, motivations, and goals. You and your parents can describe some significant experiences you've had or challenges you've overcome to help your recommenders make the strongest letter they can. So even if the letter stays confidential, you'll still have some sense of what likely went into it. At this point, hopefully you have a better sense of what the FERPA waiver is all about and why it's in your best interest to go ahead and agree to the waiver. Or maybe you've scrolled down to this point, thinking "too long; didn't read." Either way, you're in luck! Below are the key points I wanted to make, distilled into bullet points for your reading pleasure. Key Points About the FERPA Waiver The FERPA waiver only waives your right to access your recommendation letters after you've been accepted to and enrolled in a college. It's common practice for recommendation letters to be kept confidential in admissions procedures. Your recommenders may still let you see their letters before they send them - that's totally up to them. As long as you're thoughtful about choosing recommenders who are supportive and know you well (and help them out with a detailed brag sheet), you can rest easy knowing your recommenders want to support you and help you get into college. The FERPA waiver is probably the easiest part of your application. Just go ahead and click yes! What's Next? While the FERPA waiver's easy, the rest of your application can get a bit more complicated. Read all about how to build a versatile college application that showcases your strengths and makes you stand out among the competition. Is it that time of year when you're thinking about requesting letters of recommendation? This article breaks down how to request a letter of recommendation, step by step (coming soon). Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: